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Sampled update and hold

Sampler, hold, delay, sampled PID, ADC, and DAC timing is owned by deterministic sample-period events.

Reference

FieldValueDescription
latex\mathbf x_k=\mathcal F(\mathbf x_{k-1},\mathbf u_k)\ \text{at events},\quad\mathbf x_k=\mathbf x_{k-1}\ \text{otherwise}
mathml<math display="block"><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>k</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mi>k</mi></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>
sectiongoverning-equation
entity_dimensionglobal
differentiabilityexact-ad

Sampler, hold, delay, sampled PID, ADC, and DAC timing is owned by deterministic sample-period events.

The governing expression, entity dimension, enforcement, and differentiability metadata are preserved exactly where declared.